Speakers
Description
The conservation of Kenya’s marine environment is a vital aspect of broader environmental efforts. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established to promote tourism and conserve marine biodiversity, addressing threats such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change. However, their establishment has also led to conflicts over resource use, particularly between national conservation agencies like the Kenya Wildlife Service and local fishing communities. Additionally, large-scale coastal developments pose further risks to biodiversity and ecosystem services.
This study uses systematic literature review and case studies to examine the socio-economic impacts of MPAs on communities in Kenya. By addressing these, the study contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contributes significantly to global sustainability efforts. It directly supports SDG 13 (Climate Action) by conserving mangroves and coral reefs along shorelines, which serve as natural climate buffers, SDG 14 (Life Below Water) by conserving marine biodiversity and sustaining fisheries, which are crucial for food security,and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through alternative livelihood activities.
Findings suggest that a balance between conservation and livelihood sustainability is essential. Well-managed MPAs with integrated socio-economic strategies can lead to improved fisheries, increased tourism revenue, and better resilience against climate change. It also found that local fishermen hold highly negative attitudes toward MPAs due to exclusion from decision-making and a lack of alternative income sources among others. In addition, lack of coordination and consultation among institutions managing coastal areas intensifies marine resource-use conflict between conservation efforts and community needs.
The study recommends a balanced approach to MPA establishment in Kenya, ensuring both marine conservation and community well-being. A multidisciplinary approach incorporating community participation to minimize conflicts and maximize MPAs’ contributions to multiple SDGs while safeguarding the livelihoods of coastal communities.
