Contribution List

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  1. 21/10/2026, 08:00

    Guests arrive and register at the information desk

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  2. 21/10/2026, 08:30
    • One stanza each of the National and East African anthems
    • Prayer
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  3. 21/10/2026, 08:35

    The ICRECC Secretariat introduces MU and UG County representatives,hands over to the UG Count Rep

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  4. 21/10/2026, 08:40

    The County representative present gives remarks and hands over to The dean SSAS

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  5. 21/10/2026, 08:45
    • The Dean gives her remarks and introduces the VC
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  6. 21/10/2026, 08:50

    The VC Opens ICRECC-2026

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  7. 21/10/2026, 09:00

    The secretariat directs participants to their respective rooms

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  8. Mr Yikeber Getachew (Moi University)
    21/10/2026, 09:05
    Waste management including household wastes, dump sites and landfills
    Abstract

    Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and chicken droppings (CD) offers an opportunity to recover nutrients from organic wastes. However, digestion performance and liquid organic fertilizer quality depend on inoculum adaptation conditions, substrate composition, and digestion duration. This study evaluated the effects of cow-manure inoculum adaptation temperature, substrate ratio, and...

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  9. 21/10/2026, 09:05
    The future of biofuels, solar, wind and geothermal sources of energy.
    Presentation

    From its discovery to date, the large-scale production of electricity has significantly revolutionized how we live, work, and play. Production of significant quantities of electrical power is impossible without the invention of power plants.
    Despite their vital role in electrical energy production, like most industrial facilities, power plants release waste gases and other environmental...

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  10. 21/10/2026, 09:25
    Waste management including household wastes, dump sites and landfills
    Abstract

    Governance Effectiveness in Solid Waste Management in Kenyan Counties: Disposal, Dumpsites, Pollution Control and Sustainability
    Walubengo Wilberforce Wasike, PhD
    UTAMU University
    Email: wwilberforce@utamu.university.ac.ug
    Abstract
    Solid waste management remains a significant environmental governance challenge in Kenya, particularly under the devolved system of government where counties...

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  11. Jones Getembe (CelluBioClag Biorefinery Ltd)
    21/10/2026, 09:25
    The future of biofuels, solar, wind and geothermal sources of energy.
    Article / Full paper

    Rural homes cooking service in Kenya is one of the most energy-intensive activities but, often relying on harmful polluting fuels. Moreover, every clean cooking system in the market is built for the elite, not for the rural poor. From some non-food indigenous tree leaves, I am refining a clean fuel solution that will transition rural households to cheap cleaner in-house air home cooking...

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  12. 21/10/2026, 09:45
    Energy-mix and energy transition
    Abstract

    Future wireless and smart-energy networks must jointly manage information uncertainty, fading, spectral resources, reliability, latency, and communication energy. Conventional energy efficiency measured in bit/J quantifies delivered rate per unit power but does not explicitly represent source uncertainty, the fraction of information recovered at the receiver, or simultaneous spectrum and...

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  13. 21/10/2026, 09:45
    Organic wastes and wastes from pharmaceuticals
    Abstract

    Organic waste from agriculture and food sectors remains underutilized, despite its potential to support a circular bioeconomy. At the same time, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) continue to threaten crops worldwide, while reliance on synthetic nematicides is declining due to environmental concerns, high costs, and regulatory restrictions. Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) bioconversion...

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  14. Hamidu H (Usumanu Danfodio University Sokoto)
    21/10/2026, 10:05
    Heavy metal pollution
    Article / Full paper

    In this present study, geochemical studies and groundwater samples were collected from Sha’iri-Akiwa environs, Northeast Katsina metropolitan city, Katsina State, Nigeria to evaluate the concentrations and geochemical constraints for mobilizing heavy metals preparably the cadmium (Cd) and other selected heavy metals was done. After in-situ measurements of physicochemical parameters then...

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  15. 21/10/2026, 11:00
    Food security and impact on livelihoods
    Abstract

    The Nigerian section of the Lake Chad Basin faces severe ecological stress, threatening the livelihoods and food security of its inhabitants. This study investigates the impacts of climate change-induced freshwater scarcity in this region. The research employed a multi-stage sampling approach to survey 257 households across 23 communities in Bauchi, Yobe, Kano, Jigawa, and Borno States,...

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  16. 21/10/2026, 11:00
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Presentation

    Abstract
    Global warming, driven by fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial pollution, continues to threaten fragile ecosystems worldwide, with the biodiverse Great Rift Valley in East Africa among the most exposed. Rising temperatures and shifting hydrological regimes have altered lake systems such as Lake Nakuru, whose water levels have risen since 2010, disrupting flamingo...

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  17. 21/10/2026, 11:20
    Indigenous knowledge systems, culture and religion
    Abstract

    Green Product Practices and Organizational Performance among Five-Star-Rated Hotels in Kenya
    1 Beatrice Nancy Jepchumba Chemurgor, 2 Stella Cheraisi Korir, 3 Peter Mwaura
    1,2 Faculty of Commerce, School of Business and Economics, Kabarak University

    Private Bag -20157 Kabarak- Kenya
    3Faculty of commerce, School of Business and Economics, Laikipia University
    P.O BOX 1100 – 20300,...

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  18. 21/10/2026, 11:20
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Article / Full paper

    The Kenya’s Lake Naivasha is a fragile ecosystem whose health is linked to management of the River Malewa Basin. Achieving the restoration targets of River Basins can resolve ecological issues of Lake Naivasha hence sustaining livelihoods of the households. This study examined the common drivers of degradation within the River Malewa basin and assessed how they contribute to the quality of...

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  19. 21/10/2026, 11:40
    Indigenous knowledge systems, culture and religion
    Abstract

    The traditional knowledge of a people or society is their indigenous knowledge (IK). Ensuring that indigenous knowledge does not become extinct is the goal of many cultural heritage institutions, in tandem with the resident communities. Indigenous knowledge adoption and preservation, therefore, is a cultural heritage activity that is treasured abundantly by the Keiyo Community of Kenya....

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  20. 21/10/2026, 11:40
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Presentation

    Title: RESTORING DEGRADED RIPARIAN AND WETLAND ECOSYSTEMS IN KENYA THROUGH NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS AND COMMUNITY STEWARDSHIP
    Benjamin Kinyili
    Kenyatta University
    Email: kinyilibm@gmail.com Telephone: +254723393737

    ABSTRACT
    Background: Kenya’s riparian corridors and wetlands regulate floods, filter pollutants, recharge water systems, conserve biodiversity, and sustain local livelihoods....

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  21. Dr Saji Baby (Center for Excellence in Sustainability, Environment, and Climate Change MIT-WPU, India)
    21/10/2026, 12:20
    Air pollution
    Keynote

    Kuwait faces atmospheric pollution because of its arid environment and multiple sources, including petroleum extraction, refinery operations, power generation, urbanization, and dust storms. Pollution has even been compounded due to the historic environmental damage of the 1990 Iraq invasion that has led to long-standing terrestrial and marine ecosystem degradation. Pollutants are mainly...

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  22. Mr Aliyu Kankara Ibrahim (Federal University Dutsin-Ma)
    21/10/2026, 14:15
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Article / Full paper

    This study assessed the environmental impact of small-scale kaolin mining activities in Rawayau, Kurfi LGA of Katsina State, Nigeria on soil and water quality through the analysis of selected physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations. Soil samples were collected from the mining sites and a control site located away from mining points, while water samples were obtained from a...

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  23. 21/10/2026, 14:15
    Food security and impact on livelihoods
    Abstract

    Abstract
    Climate change is increasingly affecting agricultural productivity, household incomes, food security and rural livelihoods in Uganda. Smallholder farmers face growing exposure to erratic rainfall, prolonged dry spells, floods, land degradation, pests and diseases, while limited access to finance, climate information, appropriate technologies and markets constrains their capacity to...

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  24. Mohammed Baba-Adamu (Yobe State University, Damaturu)
    21/10/2026, 14:35
    Climate change and health
    Article / Full paper

    Malaria is a major challenge in the drylands of Nigeria, where transmission is strongly conditioned by climatic instability, environmental fragility and socio-demographic pressures. This study conducted a multi-temporal geo-epidemiological analysis of malaria incidence across Yobe State, aiming to identify climatic–environmental drivers of malaria heterogeneity and delineate spatial hotspots...

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  25. Mr Shul-Nom Yohanna Bako (Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya.)
    21/10/2026, 14:35
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Article / Full paper

    Mining activities have significantly increased in Jema’a Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria, due to the abundance of mineral resources. While these activities contribute to local economic growth and means of livelihood, they have also generated concerns in terms of ecological degradation and the well-being of host communities. This study examines the socio-economic and...

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  26. Mr Moses Machunda (Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology)
    21/10/2026, 14:55
    Article / Full paper

    Accurate rainfall onset prediction is essential for agricultural resilience across Zanzibar, Dar es Salaam, and Iringa. This study evaluates the traditional 4-Season temperate model against RegCM4 (regional), CAN-SIAM (climatological), and ECMWF/IFS (global). Results reveal a significant predictive gap, with observed onset exhibiting strong interannual and regional variability, while...

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  27. 21/10/2026, 14:55
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Abstract

    Abstract
    In Kenya, land degradation is a problem that threatens agricultural productivity, ecosystem functions and rural livelihoods, especially for smallholder farmers who rely heavily on the land and natural resources. Sustainable land management (SLM) practices such as agroforestry, soil and water conservation, conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility management and...

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  28. 21/10/2026, 15:15
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Abstract

    Community-managed forests in Burkina Faso are intended to regulate fuelwood harvesting while maintaining woodland regeneration and supporting local livelihoods. This paper examines what published evidence from three Forest Management Units in southern Burkina Faso reveals about the governance requirements for climate-resilient ecosystem restoration. It presents a new interpretation of a study...

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  29. 21/10/2026, 15:15
    Food security and impact on livelihoods
    Abstract

    While global climate discourse increasingly acknowledges the gendered impacts of environmental degradation, legal frameworks in developing nations remain trapped in a paradigm of "physical survival," prioritizing food security and basic water access over sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR). This paper examines the systemic failure of Kenya's legal frameworks to protect the girl child...

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  30. 21/10/2026, 15:55
    Climate justice, climate financing and environmental social governance (ESGs)
    Presentation

    Corporate decarbonization has become a critical priority as listed firms face increasing pressure from investors, regulators and society to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve environmental responsibility and integrate sustainability into corporate strategies. However, despite the growing adoption of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reporting frameworks, uncertainty remains...

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  31. Kankara I. A (Federal University Dutsin-Ma)
    21/10/2026, 15:55
    Management of natural resources: Seed banks for indigenous trees, livestock and aquatic life.
    Article / Full paper

    In this present study, an exploration and interpretation rare pegmatite using high resolution magnetic data and satellite imagery of the area under study is done. The methodology adopted here was primary data approach in which the major structural trends of the area were mapped. The lineaments extracted from the magnetic data range in length from 78.56m to about 1213m. Most of the lineaments...

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  32. 21/10/2026, 16:15
    Climate change and health
    Abstract

    Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) plant is basically one of the many medicinal herbs that have been used in many parts of the world to treat most of the diseases such as the skin diseases, central nerves systems diseases, wound healings among others. In folklore medicine, C. asiatica is used to treat dental cavities, periodontal diseases and other oral-diseases that are caused by bacteria....

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  33. Dr Usman Adamu (Yobe State University, Damaturu)
    21/10/2026, 16:15
    Urban ecosystem restoration, architectural landscapes
    Article / Full paper

    This study investigated soil–water quality–linked environmental risks in Potiskum, a semi-arid ecosystem in Yobe State, Nigeria, by integrating geo-referenced sampling, laboratory analysis, geospatial modelling and probabilistic risk assessment. Twenty-five soil and water samples were collected across diverse land-use domains, including agricultural fields, residential areas, waste-disposal...

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  34. 21/10/2026, 16:35
    Climate justice, climate financing and environmental social governance (ESGs)
    Article / Full paper

    Ecological systems in Eastern Africa are increasingly embedded in hydro-political contestations, where scarcity, access, and uneven distribution transform water into a strategic resource through which states, communities, and non-state actors negotiate power, identity, and survival mechanisms. These dynamics intensify existing environmental, socio-economic and political inequalities,...

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  35. 21/10/2026, 16:35
    Restoration of natural landscapes, farmlands, water catchment areas, riparian lands, water towers/forests, water reservoirs, clean rivers and wetlands
    Abstract

    La gestion durable des forêts communautaires nécessite une connaissance fine de leur structure, de leur composition floristique et de leur capacité à stocker le carbone. Dans le cadre du projet AVENIR, cette étude caractérise les propriétés écologiques de trois forêts communautaires du territoire de Bulungu, dans la province du Kwilu, à savoir Ekubi, Mpango et Tshadana. L’objectif était...

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  36. 22/10/2026, 08:30
    Electrification and storage systems
    Abstract

    Abstract

    Battery energy storage in Kenya is emerging in two distinct configurations—front-of-the-meter (FTM) utility-scale systems and behind-the-meter (BTM) customer-sited systems—each with different value streams, regulatory interfaces, and lifecycle implications. FTM storage is positioned to provide grid services such as capacity, energy arbitrage, and ancillary support, while BTM...

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  37. Mr NEHEMIAH MOMANYI (Moi University)
    22/10/2026, 08:30
    Green technologies, water saving technologies, bio-innovations and sustainable chemistry
    Abstract

    Current pest control strategies rely on synthetic pesticides which pose environmental and human health risks as they are non-biodegradable and some toxic, this necessitates need to develop eco-friendly alternatives from plant extracts. However, plant extract’s rapid degradation under environmental conditions limits their effectiveness. Main objective in this research was to evaluate the...

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  38. 22/10/2026, 08:50
    Energy-mix and energy transition
    Article / Full paper

    Electric mobility is so fundamental to the realization of zero carbon transport that governments the world over have put in place mechanisms to facilitate transition from ICE-based propulsion, the challenges involved notwithstanding. Towards this end for Kenya, this study aimed to handle the following tasks: assessing the current e-mobility landscape – including opportunities and challenges...

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  39. 22/10/2026, 08:50
    Circularity approaches to biodiversity and sustainable bioeconomy
    Article / Full paper

    The swift global adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has dramatically improved access to renewable energy and curtailed greenhouse gas emissions. The expansion is also ushering in a daunting problem: the disposal of end-of-life (EoL) solar photovoltaic panels. Global photovoltaic waste is likely to reach more than 78 million tonnes by 2050, Kenya is yet to acquire proper recycling...

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  40. 22/10/2026, 09:10
    Terrestrial and marine biodiversity.
    Article / Full paper

    The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates from
    farmed fish to commonly used antibiotics in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, a region experiencing rapid
    aquaculture growth. Despite no direct antibiotic use in local fish farms, concerns over antimicrobial
    resistance (AMR) have emerged due to indirect exposure from integrated...

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  41. 22/10/2026, 09:10
    The future of biofuels, solar, wind and geothermal sources of energy.
    Presentation

    Title: GREENING KENYA’S FORESTRY OPERATIONS: SOLAR-BIOGAS HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR TREE NURSERIES, FOREST STATIONS AND COMMUNITY FACILITIES
    Benjamin Kinyili
    Kenyatta University
    Email: kinyilibm@gmail.com Telephone: +254723393737

    ABSTRACT
    Background: Forestry operations require dependable energy for water pumping, seedling production, lighting, communication, staff facilities and community...

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  42. 22/10/2026, 09:50
    Circularity approaches to biodiversity and sustainable bioeconomy
    Abstract

    Abstract
    Biodiversity conservation is integral to sustainable economic development in Kenya, particularly given the dependence of manufacturing and agricultural activities on natural resources and ecosystem services. However, biodiversity degradation, resource depletion, waste generation and environmental pollution raise concerns about the sustainability of existing production systems and...

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  43. 22/10/2026, 09:50
    Big data and AI for climate solutions
    Abstract

    The East African Indian Ocean supports coral reefs, seagrass, mangroves, fisheries and coastal livelihoods, yet these ecosystems face increasing pressures from ocean warming, acidification, pollution, sedimentation and other climate-related changes. Evidence from the Western Indian Ocean demonstrates threats to marine biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, emphasizing the need for continuous...

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  44. 22/10/2026, 10:10
    Green technologies, water saving technologies, bio-innovations and sustainable chemistry
    Abstract

    Water confined within nanometre-scale pores exhibits structural and transport behaviour that can differ substantially from bulk water because interfacial forces, molecular ordering, wettability, adsorption, ionic composition and pore geometry become dominant as pore dimensions approach molecular length scales. This study develops an integrated multiscale framework connecting nanoconfined-water...

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  45. 22/10/2026, 10:10
    Circularity approaches to biodiversity and sustainable bioeconomy
    Abstract

    Climate action is often discussed through large-scale technologies and financial instruments, yet women in local communities are already building practical responses with limited resources. This presentation shares the experience of “El poder de ellas” (“The Power of Women”), a women-led process in northern Cauca, Colombia, that connects collective farming, circular economy practices,...

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  46. 22/10/2026, 10:30
    Research and innovation in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics
    Abstract

    The world is facing great challenges in meeting rising demands for basic commodities and services, while reducing and minimizing the impact of human activities on the earth’s global environment and climate. Nanotechnology, which is the synthesis and application of functional materials through control of matter at the nanometer scale, has emerged as a versatile platform that could provide...

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  47. 22/10/2026, 10:30
    Circularity approaches to biodiversity and sustainable bioeconomy
    Abstract

    Aquaculture is increasingly acknowledged as a vital contributor to global food security, nutrition, and economic development. Despite its transformative potential, aquaculture remains underexploited in many developing regions, including Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. This work presents a comprehensive review of the challenges and opportunities for enhancing fisheries productivity in the county...

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  48. 22/10/2026, 11:25
    Big data and AI for climate solutions
    Abstract

    Introduction: Accurate weather forecasting is essential for agriculture, disaster risk reduction, aviation, transportation, and climate monitoring. However, predicting meteorological variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed remains challenging due to the nonlinear and spatio-temporal nature of atmospheric processes. Conventional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models,...

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  49. 22/10/2026, 11:25
    Energy-mix and energy transition
    Abstract

    Carbon markets have emerged as one of the principal mechanisms for mobilizing climate finance and accelerating the global transition to low-carbon development. The adoption of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement has created new opportunities for countries, project developers, investors, and policymakers to cooperate in achieving greenhouse gas emission reductions through market-based approaches....

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  50. 22/10/2026, 11:45
    Smart and sustainable agriculture, smart urban systems
    Abstract

    Cannibalism is one of the most important behavioral problems in aquaculture and contributes significantly to fingerling mortality and to the productivity and profitability of catfish farming activities worldwide. Among the species cultivated, African catfish shows particularly strong cannibalism in the early stages of its life, driven by hunger-induced aggression, a diversity of stocking...

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  51. 22/10/2026, 11:45
    The future of biofuels, solar, wind and geothermal sources of energy.
    Abstract

    The terrestrial bow shock is a collisionless plasma discontinuity that converts directed solar-wind energy into downstream thermal, magnetic, turbulent, and nonthermal particle energy before the flow reaches the magnetopause. This study reengineers a magnetohydrodynamic solar-wind-magnetosphere model into an explicitly multiscale framework in which global boundary dynamics, kinetic electron...

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  52. 22/10/2026, 12:05
    Research and innovation in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics
    Abstract

    Reliable absorbed-dose determination is fundamental to electron-beam radiation processing because dose controls the magnitude and reproducibility of radiation-induced physical, chemical and biological effects. This study presents an expanded analysis of experimental dosimetry data obtained during the training course “Multipurpose Irradiation Centre: Agricultural and Medical Applications” at...

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  53. 22/10/2026, 12:05

    Carbon emissions are a growing environmental concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as countries pursue economic growth, industrialization and increased energy access. Although the region’s emissions remain relatively low, rising energy demand, continued dependence on fossil fuels and expanding economic activity raise concerns about the sustainability of its development path. The increasing...

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  54. Mr Francis Njiri John G. (JAVI Research Support Services Limited)
    22/10/2026, 13:25
    Renewables
    Keynote

    Climate change, energy insecurity and ecosystem degradation are interlinked challenges across the Great Rift Valley and wider East Africa. Renewable energy transition, climate adaptation and ecosystem restoration all depend on reliable evidence, yet baseline data are often fragmented, monitoring is inconsistent, and analytical capacity is uneven, which slows the translation of findings into...

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  55. 22/10/2026, 14:25
    Research and innovation in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics
    Abstract

    This study addresses the reliable event-triggered exponential synchronization problem for the master-slave neural network subject to randomly occurring parameter uncertainty and actuator fault. Firstly, for the master-slave neural network, the control strategy based on the hybrid event-triggered mechanism is proposed to decrease the total number of transmitted data while avoiding the Zeno...

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  56. 22/10/2026, 14:25
    Specific topics in energy access
    Abstract

    The transition to renewable energy requires intensive capital investment governed by tightly coupled, interdependent contracts. In this high-stakes environment, procedural delays, cash-flow interruptions, and binary judicial remedies can swiftly push capital-intensive projects toward insolvency. Consequently, Multi-Tiered Dispute Resolution Clauses (MDRCs) have emerged as the premier...

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  57. 22/10/2026, 14:45
  58. 22/10/2026, 14:45
    Green technologies, water saving technologies, bio-innovations and sustainable chemistry
    Abstract

    Water confined at interfaces, nanopores, membranes, and electrochemical environments exhibits structural and dynamical properties that differ markedly from bulk water, influencing molecular transport, proton conduction, catalytic reactions, and energy-conversion performance. However, experimentally resolving these processes under realistic operating conditions remains challenging because...

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  59. 22/10/2026, 15:05
    Smart and sustainable agriculture, smart urban systems
    Abstract

    Kosgei P.J, Liti M.D, Mutai E.K, Chemoiwa E.J,
    Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Eldoret
    * Corresponding author: taruspatricia@gmail.com

    Abstract
    Aquaculture facility type and management practices are central to determining fish growth performance. This study evaluated growth outcomes across tanks, liner ponds, and earthen ponds in selected fish farms...

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  60. Dr Casiana Lwiwa (1Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 2Department of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Mkwawa University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 3ARUA Centre of Excellence in Materials, Energy and Nanotechnology, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa)
    22/10/2026, 15:05
    The future of biofuels, solar, wind and geothermal sources of energy.
    Article / Full paper

    Efficient energy management is a critical concern in renewable energy systems, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to enhance performance and sustainability. This paper aims to optimize energy management by integrating Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPC) with sensible heat storage (SHS) for low- and high-temperature applications. Building on previously published research that...

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  61. 22/10/2026, 17:05
  62. 22/10/2026, 17:10

    Dean makes her closing remarks and invites County Rep to give remarks and invite Governor

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  63. 22/10/2026, 17:15

    County representative makes remarks and invites The Governor

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  64. 22/10/2026, 17:20

    The Governor UG County gives closing remarks

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  65. 22/10/2026, 17:30

    Closing prayer is made and a stanza each of the National and the East African anthems play.

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